codec

package
v0.53.1 Latest Latest
Warning

This package is not in the latest version of its module.

 Go to latest Published: May 30, 2025 License: Apache-2.0 Imports: 26 Imported by: 33,315

Documentation

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var BoolValue collcodec.ValueCodec[bool] = boolValue{}

BoolValue implements a ValueCodec that saves the bool value as if it was a prototypes.BoolValue. Required for backwards compatibility of state.

Functions

func CollInterfaceValue added in v0.50.0 

func CollInterfaceValue[T proto.Message](codec BinaryCodec) collcodec.ValueCodec[T]

CollInterfaceValue instantiates a new collections.ValueCodec for a generic interface value. The codec must be able to marshal and unmarshal the interface.

func CollValue added in v0.50.0 

func CollValue[T any, PT protoMessage[T]](cdc BinaryCodec) collcodec.ValueCodec[T]

CollValue inits a collections.ValueCodec for a generic gogo protobuf message.

func CollValueV2 added in v0.50.0 

func CollValueV2[T any, PT protoMessageV2[T]]() collcodec.ValueCodec[PT]

CollValueV2 is used for protobuf values of the newest google.golang.org/protobuf API.

func MarshalJSONIndent 

func MarshalJSONIndent(cdc *LegacyAmino, obj any) ([]byte, error)

MarshalJSONIndent provides a utility for indented JSON encoding of an object via an Amino codec. It returns an error if it cannot serialize or indent as JSON.

func MarshalYAML added in v0.40.0 

func MarshalYAML(cdc JSONCodec, toPrint proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalYAML marshals toPrint using JSONCodec to leverage specialized MarshalJSON methods (usually related to serialize data with protobuf or amin depending on a configuration). This involves additional roundtrip through JSON.

func MustMarshalJSONIndent 

func MustMarshalJSONIndent(cdc *LegacyAmino, obj any) []byte

MustMarshalJSONIndent executes MarshalJSONIndent except it panics upon failure.

func ProtoMarshalJSON 

func ProtoMarshalJSON(msg proto.Message, resolver jsonpb.AnyResolver) ([]byte, error)

ProtoMarshalJSON provides an auxiliary function to return Proto3 JSON encoded bytes of a message.

func RegisterEvidences 

func RegisterEvidences(cdc *LegacyAmino)

RegisterEvidences registers CometBFT evidence types with the provided Amino codec.

Types

type AminoCodec deprecated 

type AminoCodec struct {
	*LegacyAmino
}

AminoCodec defines a codec that utilizes Codec for both binary and JSON encoding. Any usage of amino should be done using the LegacyAmino type directly.

Deprecated: Usage of amino with the Codec type is not well-supported and may be removed in the future.

func NewAminoCodec deprecated 

func NewAminoCodec(codec *LegacyAmino) *AminoCodec

Deprecated: NewAminoCodec returns a reference to a new AminoCodec. Use NewLegacyAmino instead.

func (*AminoCodec) Marshal added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) Marshal(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

Marshal implements BinaryMarshaler.Marshal method.

func (*AminoCodec) MarshalInterface added in v0.40.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MarshalInterface(i proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalInterface is a convenience function for amino marshaling interfaces. The `i` must be an interface. NOTE: to marshal a concrete type, you should use Marshal instead

func (*AminoCodec) MarshalInterfaceJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MarshalInterfaceJSON(i proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalInterfaceJSON is a convenience function for amino marshaling interfaces. The `i` must be an interface. NOTE: to marshal a concrete type, you should use MarshalJSON instead

func (*AminoCodec) MarshalJSON 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MarshalJSON(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MarshalJSON method, it marshals to JSON using legacy amino codec.

func (*AminoCodec) MarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MarshalLengthPrefixed(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*AminoCodec) MustMarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustMarshal(o proto.Message) []byte

MustMarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.MustMarshal method.

func (*AminoCodec) MustMarshalJSON 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustMarshalJSON(o proto.Message) []byte

MustMarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MustMarshalJSON method, it executes MarshalJSON except it panics upon failure.

func (*AminoCodec) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed(o proto.Message) []byte

MustMarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MustMarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*AminoCodec) MustUnmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustUnmarshal(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)

MustUnmarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.MustUnmarshal method.

func (*AminoCodec) MustUnmarshalJSON 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustUnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)

MustUnmarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MustUnmarshalJSON method, it executes UnmarshalJSON except it panics upon failure.

func (*AminoCodec) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)

MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*AminoCodec) Unmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) Unmarshal(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error

Unmarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.Unmarshal method.

func (*AminoCodec) UnmarshalInterface added in v0.40.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) UnmarshalInterface(bz []byte, ptr any) error

UnmarshalInterface is a convenience function for amino unmarshaling interfaces. `ptr` must be a pointer to an interface. NOTE: to unmarshal a concrete type, you should use Unmarshal instead

Example: 

var x MyInterface
err := cdc.UnmarshalInterface(bz, &x)

func (*AminoCodec) UnmarshalInterfaceJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) UnmarshalInterfaceJSON(bz []byte, ptr any) error

UnmarshalInterfaceJSON is a convenience function for amino unmarshaling interfaces. `ptr` must be a pointer to an interface. NOTE: to unmarshal a concrete type, you should use UnmarshalJSON instead

Example: 

var x MyInterface
err := cdc.UnmarshalInterfaceJSON(bz, &x)

func (*AminoCodec) UnmarshalJSON 

func (ac *AminoCodec) UnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error

UnmarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.UnmarshalJSON method, it unmarshals from JSON using legacy amino codec.

func (*AminoCodec) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (ac *AminoCodec) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error

UnmarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.UnmarshalLengthPrefixed method.

type AminoMarshaler added in v0.40.0 

type AminoMarshaler interface {
	MarshalAmino() ([]byte, error)
	UnmarshalAmino([]byte) error
	MarshalAminoJSON() ([]byte, error)
	UnmarshalAminoJSON([]byte) error
}

AminoMarshaler defines an interface a type must implement to serialize itself for Amino codec.

type BinaryCodec added in v0.43.0 

type BinaryCodec interface {
	// Marshal returns binary encoding of v.
	Marshal(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)
	// MustMarshal calls Marshal and panics if error is returned.
	MustMarshal(o proto.Message) []byte

	// MarshalLengthPrefixed returns binary encoding of v with bytes length prefix.
	MarshalLengthPrefixed(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)
	// MustMarshalLengthPrefixed calls MarshalLengthPrefixed and panics if
	// error is returned.
	MustMarshalLengthPrefixed(o proto.Message) []byte

	// Unmarshal parses the data encoded with Marshal method and stores the result
	// in the value pointed to by v.
	Unmarshal(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error
	// MustUnmarshal calls Unmarshal and panics if error is returned.
	MustUnmarshal(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)

	// Unmarshal parses the data encoded with UnmarshalLengthPrefixed method and stores
	// the result in the value pointed to by v.
	UnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error
	// MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed calls UnmarshalLengthPrefixed and panics if error
	// is returned.
	MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)

	// MarshalInterface is a helper method which will wrap `i` into `Any` for correct
	// binary interface (de)serialization.
	MarshalInterface(i proto.Message) ([]byte, error)
	// UnmarshalInterface is a helper method which will parse binary enoded data
	// into `Any` and unpack any into the `ptr`. It fails if the target interface type
	// is not registered in codec, or is not compatible with the serialized data
	UnmarshalInterface(bz []byte, ptr any) error

	types.AnyUnpacker
}

type Codec 

type Codec interface {
	BinaryCodec
	JSONCodec

	// InterfaceRegistry returns the interface registry.
	InterfaceRegistry() types.InterfaceRegistry

	// GetMsgAnySigners returns the signers of the given message encoded in a protobuf Any
	// as well as the decoded google.golang.org/protobuf/proto.Message that was used to
	// extract the signers so that this can be used in other contexts.
	GetMsgAnySigners(msg *types.Any) ([][]byte, protov2.Message, error)

	// GetMsgV2Signers returns the signers of the given message.
	GetMsgV2Signers(msg protov2.Message) ([][]byte, error)

	// GetMsgV1Signers returns the signers of the given message plus the
	// decoded google.golang.org/protobuf/proto.Message that was used to extract the
	// signers so that this can be used in other contexts.
	GetMsgV1Signers(msg proto.Message) ([][]byte, protov2.Message, error)
	// contains filtered or unexported methods
}

Codec defines a functionality for serializing other objects. Users can defin a custom Protobuf-based serialization. Note, Amino can still be used without any dependency on Protobuf. SDK provides to Codec implementations:

1. AminoCodec: Provides full Amino serialization compatibility. 2. ProtoCodec: Provides full Protobuf serialization compatibility.

type GRPCCodecProvider added in v0.46.0 

type GRPCCodecProvider interface {
	GRPCCodec() encoding.Codec
}

GRPCCodecProvider is implemented by the Codec implementations which return a gRPC encoding.Codec. And it is used to decode requests and encode responses passed through gRPC.

type JSONCodec added in v0.43.0 

type JSONCodec interface {
	// MarshalJSON returns JSON encoding of v.
	MarshalJSON(o proto.Message) ([]byte, error)
	// MustMarshalJSON calls MarshalJSON and panics if error is returned.
	MustMarshalJSON(o proto.Message) []byte
	// MarshalInterfaceJSON is a helper method which will wrap `i` into `Any` for correct
	// JSON interface (de)serialization.
	MarshalInterfaceJSON(i proto.Message) ([]byte, error)
	// UnmarshalInterfaceJSON is a helper method which will parse JSON enoded data
	// into `Any` and unpack any into the `ptr`. It fails if the target interface type
	// is not registered in codec, or is not compatible with the serialized data
	UnmarshalInterfaceJSON(bz []byte, ptr any) error

	// UnmarshalJSON parses the data encoded with MarshalJSON method and stores the result
	// in the value pointed to by v.
	UnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message) error
	// MustUnmarshalJSON calls Unmarshal and panics if error is returned.
	MustUnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr proto.Message)
}

type LegacyAmino added in v0.40.0 

type LegacyAmino struct {
	Amino *amino.Codec
}

LegacyAmino defines a wrapper for an Amino codec that properly handles protobuf types with Any's. Deprecated.

func NewLegacyAmino added in v0.40.0 

func NewLegacyAmino() *LegacyAmino

func (*LegacyAmino) Marshal added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) Marshal(o any) ([]byte, error)

func (*LegacyAmino) MarshalJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MarshalJSON(o any) ([]byte, error)

MarshalJSON implements codec.Codec interface

func (*LegacyAmino) MarshalJSONIndent added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MarshalJSONIndent(o any, prefix, indent string) ([]byte, error)

func (*LegacyAmino) MarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MarshalLengthPrefixed(o any) ([]byte, error)

func (*LegacyAmino) MustMarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustMarshal(o any) []byte

func (*LegacyAmino) MustMarshalJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustMarshalJSON(o any) []byte

func (*LegacyAmino) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed(o any) []byte

func (*LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshal(bz []byte, ptr any)

func (*LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshalJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr any)

func (*LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr any)

func (*LegacyAmino) PrintTypes added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) PrintTypes(out io.Writer) error

func (*LegacyAmino) RegisterConcrete added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) RegisterConcrete(o any, name string, copts *amino.ConcreteOptions)

func (*LegacyAmino) RegisterInterface added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) RegisterInterface(ptr any, iopts *amino.InterfaceOptions)

func (*LegacyAmino) Seal added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) Seal()

func (*LegacyAmino) Unmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) Unmarshal(bz []byte, ptr any) error

func (*LegacyAmino) UnmarshalJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) UnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr any) error

UnmarshalJSON implements codec.Codec interface

func (*LegacyAmino) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (cdc *LegacyAmino) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr any) error

func (*LegacyAmino) UnpackAny added in v0.40.0 

func (*LegacyAmino) UnpackAny(*types.Any, any) error

type ProtoCodec 

type ProtoCodec struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

ProtoCodec defines a codec that utilizes Protobuf for both binary and JSON encoding.

func NewProtoCodec 

func NewProtoCodec(interfaceRegistry types.InterfaceRegistry) *ProtoCodec

NewProtoCodec returns a reference to a new ProtoCodec

func (*ProtoCodec) GRPCCodec added in v0.46.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) GRPCCodec() encoding.Codec

GRPCCodec returns the gRPC Codec for this specific ProtoCodec

func (ProtoCodec) GetMsgAnySigners added in v0.50.0 

func (pc ProtoCodec) GetMsgAnySigners(msg *types.Any) ([][]byte, proto.Message, error)

func (*ProtoCodec) GetMsgV1Signers added in v0.50.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) GetMsgV1Signers(msg gogoproto.Message) ([][]byte, proto.Message, error)

func (*ProtoCodec) GetMsgV2Signers added in v0.50.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) GetMsgV2Signers(msg proto.Message) ([][]byte, error)

func (*ProtoCodec) InterfaceRegistry added in v0.40.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) InterfaceRegistry() types.InterfaceRegistry

InterfaceRegistry returns InterfaceRegistry

func (*ProtoCodec) Marshal added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) Marshal(o gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

Marshal implements BinaryMarshaler.Marshal method. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.MarshalInterface

func (*ProtoCodec) MarshalAminoJSON added in v0.50.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MarshalAminoJSON(msg gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalAminoJSON provides aminojson.Encoder compatibility for gogoproto messages. x/tx/signing/aminojson cannot marshal gogoproto messages directly since this type does not implement the standard library google.golang.org/protobuf/proto.Message. We convert gogo types to dynamicpb messages and then marshal that directly to amino JSON.

func (*ProtoCodec) MarshalInterface added in v0.40.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MarshalInterface(i gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalInterface is a convenience function for proto marshaling interfaces. It packs the provided value, which must be an interface, in an Any and then marshals it to bytes. NOTE: to marshal a concrete type, you should use Marshal instead

func (*ProtoCodec) MarshalInterfaceJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MarshalInterfaceJSON(x gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalInterfaceJSON is a convenience function for proto marshaling interfaces. It packs the provided value in an Any and then marshals it to bytes. NOTE: to marshal a concrete type, you should use MarshalJSON instead

func (*ProtoCodec) MarshalJSON 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MarshalJSON(o gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MarshalJSON method, it marshals to JSON using proto codec. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.MarshalInterfaceJSON

func (*ProtoCodec) MarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MarshalLengthPrefixed(o gogoproto.Message) ([]byte, error)

MarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*ProtoCodec) MustMarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustMarshal(o gogoproto.Message) []byte

MustMarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.MustMarshal method. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.MarshalInterface

func (*ProtoCodec) MustMarshalJSON 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustMarshalJSON(o gogoproto.Message) []byte

MustMarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MustMarshalJSON method, it executes MarshalJSON except it panics upon failure. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.MarshalInterfaceJSON

func (*ProtoCodec) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustMarshalLengthPrefixed(o gogoproto.Message) []byte

MustMarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MustMarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshal(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message)

MustUnmarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.MustUnmarshal method. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.UnmarshalInterface

func (*ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshalJSON 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message)

MustUnmarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.MustUnmarshalJSON method, it executes UnmarshalJSON except it panics upon failure. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.UnmarshalInterfaceJSON

func (*ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message)

MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.MustUnmarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*ProtoCodec) Unmarshal added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) Unmarshal(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message) error

Unmarshal implements BinaryMarshaler.Unmarshal method. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.UnmarshalInterface

func (*ProtoCodec) UnmarshalInterface added in v0.40.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) UnmarshalInterface(bz []byte, ptr any) error

UnmarshalInterface is a convenience function for proto unmarshaling interfaces. It unmarshals an Any from bz bytes and then unpacks it to the `ptr`, which must be a pointer to a non empty interface with registered implementations. NOTE: to unmarshal a concrete type, you should use Unmarshal instead

Example: 

var x MyInterface
err := cdc.UnmarshalInterface(bz, &x)

func (*ProtoCodec) UnmarshalInterfaceJSON added in v0.40.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) UnmarshalInterfaceJSON(bz []byte, iface any) error

UnmarshalInterfaceJSON is a convenience function for proto unmarshaling interfaces. It unmarshals an Any from bz bytes and then unpacks it to the `iface`, which must be a pointer to a non empty interface, implementing proto.Message with registered implementations. NOTE: to unmarshal a concrete type, you should use UnmarshalJSON instead

Example: 

var x MyInterface  // must implement proto.Message
err := cdc.UnmarshalInterfaceJSON(&x, bz)

func (*ProtoCodec) UnmarshalJSON 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) UnmarshalJSON(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message) error

UnmarshalJSON implements JSONCodec.UnmarshalJSON method, it unmarshals from JSON using proto codec. NOTE: this function must be used with a concrete type which implements proto.Message. For interface please use the codec.UnmarshalInterfaceJSON

func (*ProtoCodec) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed added in v0.43.0 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) UnmarshalLengthPrefixed(bz []byte, ptr gogoproto.Message) error

UnmarshalLengthPrefixed implements BinaryMarshaler.UnmarshalLengthPrefixed method.

func (*ProtoCodec) UnpackAny 

func (pc *ProtoCodec) UnpackAny(any *types.Any, iface any) error

UnpackAny implements AnyUnpacker.UnpackAny method, it unpacks the value in any to the interface pointer passed in as iface.

type ProtoCodecMarshaler added in v0.40.0 

type ProtoCodecMarshaler interface {
	Codec
}

ProtoCodecMarshaler defines an interface for codecs that utilize Protobuf for both binary and JSON encoding. Deprecated: Use Codec instead.

type ProtoMarshaler deprecated 

type ProtoMarshaler interface {
	proto.Message // for JSON serialization

	Marshal() ([]byte, error)
	MarshalTo(data []byte) (n int, err error)
	MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error)
	Size() int
	Unmarshal(data []byte) error
}

ProtoMarshaler defines an interface a type must implement to serialize itself as a protocol buffer defined message.

Deprecated: Use proto.Message instead from github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/proto.

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package legacy contains a global amino Cdc which is deprecated but still used in several places within the SDK.
 Package legacy contains a global amino Cdc which is deprecated but still used in several places within the SDK.
Package types defines the InterfaceRegistry type as well as aliases for types that now live in the github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/types/any package for backwards compatibility with legacy code.
 Package types defines the InterfaceRegistry type as well as aliases for types that now live in the github.com/cosmos/gogoproto/types/any package for backwards compatibility with legacy code.
unknownproto implements functionality to "type check" protobuf serialized byte sequences against an expected proto.Message to report:
 unknownproto implements functionality to "type check" protobuf serialized byte sequences against an expected proto.Message to report:

Jump to

Keyboard shortcuts

? : This menu
/ : Search site
f or F : Jump to
y or Y : Canonical URL
go.dev uses cookies from Google to deliver and enhance the quality of its services and to analyze traffic. Learn more.