geth

package module
v0.15.5 Latest Latest
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 Go to latest Published: Jul 20, 2025 License: GPL-3.0, LGPL-3.0 Imports: 7 Imported by: 22

README

Geth and the C-Chain

Lux is a network composed of multiple blockchains. Each blockchain is an instance of a Virtual Machine (VM), much like an object in an object-oriented language is an instance of a class. That is, the VM defines the behavior of the blockchain. Geth (from core Ethereum) is the Virtual Machine (VM) that defines the Contract Chain (C-Chain). This chain implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine and supports Solidity smart contracts as well as most other Ethereum client functionality.

Building

Geth is a dependency of Lux which is used to implement the EVM based Virtual Machine for the Lux C-Chain. In order to run with a local version of Geth, users must update their Geth dependency within Lux to point to their local Geth directory. If Geth and Lux are at the standard location within your GOPATH, this will look like the following:

cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/luxfi/node
go mod edit -replace github.com/luxfi/geth=../geth

Now that Lux depends on the local version of Geth, we can build with the normal build script:

./scripts/build.sh
./build/node

Note: the C-Chain originally ran in a separate process from the main Lux process and communicated with it over a local gRPC connection. When this was the case, Lux's build script would download Geth, compile it, and place the binary into the node/build/plugins directory.

API

The C-Chain supports the following API namespaces:

  • eth
  • personal
  • txpool
  • debug

Only the eth namespace is enabled by default. To enable the other namespaces see the instructions for passing the C-Chain config to Lux here. Full documentation for the C-Chain's API can be found here.

Compatibility

The C-Chain is compatible with almost all Ethereum tooling, including Core, Metamask, Remix and Truffle.

Differences Between Lux C-Chain and Ethereum

Atomic Transactions

As a network composed of multiple blockchains, Lux uses atomic transactions to move assets between chains. Geth modifies the Ethereum block format by adding an ExtraData field, which contains the atomic transactions.

Block Timing

Blocks are produced asynchronously in Snowman Consensus, so the timing assumptions that apply to Ethereum do not apply to Geth. To support block production in an async environment, a block is permitted to have the same timestamp as its parent. Since there is no general assumption that a block will be produced every 10 seconds, smart contracts built on Lux should use the block timestamp instead of the block number for their timing assumptions.

A block with a timestamp more than 10 seconds in the future will not be considered valid. However, a block with a timestamp more than 10 seconds in the past will still be considered valid as long as its timestamp is greater than or equal to the timestamp of its parent block.

Difficulty and Random OpCode

Snowman consensus does not use difficulty in any way, so the difficulty of every block is required to be set to 1. This means that the DIFFICULTY opcode should not be used as a source of randomness.

Additionally, with the change from the DIFFICULTY OpCode to the RANDOM OpCode (RANDOM replaces DIFFICULTY directly), there is no planned change to provide a stronger source of randomness. The RANDOM OpCode relies on the Eth2.0 Randomness Beacon, which has no direct parallel within the context of either Geth or Snowman consensus. Therefore, instead of providing a weaker source of randomness that may be manipulated, the RANDOM OpCode will not be supported. Instead, it will continue the behavior of the DIFFICULTY OpCode of returning the block's difficulty, such that it will always return 1.

Block Format

To support these changes, there have been a number of changes to the C-Chain block format compared to what exists on Ethereum.

Block Body
  • Version: provides version of the ExtData in the block. Currently, this field is always 0.
  • ExtData: extra data field within the block body to store atomic transaction bytes.
Block Header
  • ExtDataHash: the hash of the bytes in the ExtDataHash field
  • BaseFee: Added by EIP-1559 to represent the base fee of the block (present in Ethereum as of EIP-1559)
  • ExtDataGasUsed: amount of gas consumed by the atomic transactions in the block
  • BlockGasCost: surcharge for producing a block faster than the target rate

Documentation

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var (
	NewTransactor                    = bind.NewTransactor
	NewTransactorWithChainID         = bind.NewTransactorWithChainID
	NewKeyedTransactor               = bind.NewKeyedTransactor
	NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID    = bind.NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID
	NewClefTransactor                = bind.NewClefTransactor
	NewKeyStoreTransactor            = bind.NewKeyStoreTransactor
	NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID = bind.NewKeyStoreTransactorWithChainID
	WaitMined                        = bind.WaitMined
	WaitDeployed                     = bind.WaitDeployed
	DeployContract                   = bind.DeployContract
)

Re-export bind functions

View Source 
var (
	NewTransaction         = types.NewTransaction
	NewContractCreation    = types.NewContractCreation
	SignTx                 = types.SignTx
	SignNewTx              = types.SignNewTx
	MustSignNewTx          = types.MustSignNewTx
	LatestSigner           = types.LatestSigner
	LatestSignerForChainID = types.LatestSignerForChainID
	NewEIP155Signer        = types.NewEIP155Signer
	NewLondonSigner        = types.NewLondonSigner
)

Re-export transaction functions

View Source 
var (
	Big0   = common.Big0
	Big1   = common.Big1
	Big32  = common.Big32
	Big256 = common.Big256
	Big257 = common.Big257
)

Re-export common variables

View Source 
var (
	BytesToHash    = common.BytesToHash
	BigToHash      = common.BigToHash
	HexToHash      = common.HexToHash
	BytesToAddress = common.BytesToAddress
	BigToAddress   = common.BigToAddress
	HexToAddress   = common.HexToAddress
	IsHexAddress   = common.IsHexAddress
	Hex2Bytes      = common.Hex2Bytes
	FromHex        = common.FromHex
	CopyBytes      = common.CopyBytes
	LeftPadBytes   = common.LeftPadBytes
	RightPadBytes  = common.RightPadBytes
	BigMax         = common.BigMax
	BigMin         = common.BigMin
)

Re-export common functions

View Source 
var (
	GenerateKey     = crypto.GenerateKey
	FromECDSA       = crypto.FromECDSA
	FromECDSAPub    = crypto.FromECDSAPub
	ToECDSA         = crypto.ToECDSA
	ToECDSAUnsafe   = crypto.ToECDSAUnsafe
	HexToECDSA      = crypto.HexToECDSA
	LoadECDSA       = crypto.LoadECDSA
	SaveECDSA       = crypto.SaveECDSA
	SigToPub        = crypto.SigToPub
	Sign            = crypto.Sign
	VerifySignature = crypto.VerifySignature
	Keccak256       = crypto.Keccak256
	Keccak256Hash   = crypto.Keccak256Hash
	CreateAddress   = crypto.CreateAddress
	CreateAddress2  = crypto.CreateAddress2
	PubkeyToAddress = crypto.PubkeyToAddress
)

Re-export crypto functions

Functions

This section is empty.

Types

type ABI added in v0.15.5 

type ABI = abi.ABI

Re-export ABI types

type AccessList added in v0.15.5 

type AccessList = types.AccessList

Re-export transaction types

type AccessListTx added in v0.15.5 

type AccessListTx = types.AccessListTx

Re-export transaction types

type AccessTuple added in v0.15.5 

type AccessTuple = types.AccessTuple

Re-export transaction types

type Address added in v0.15.5 

type Address = common.Address

Re-export common types

type Block 

type Block = types.Block

Re-export transaction types

type BoundContract added in v0.15.5 

type BoundContract = bind.BoundContract

Re-export bind types

type CallOpts added in v0.15.5 

type CallOpts = bind.CallOpts

Re-export bind types

type DynamicFeeTx added in v0.15.5 

type DynamicFeeTx = types.DynamicFeeTx

Re-export transaction types

type EIP155Signer added in v0.15.5 

type EIP155Signer = types.EIP155Signer

Re-export signer types

type Event added in v0.15.5 

type Event = abi.Event

Re-export ABI types

type FilterOpts added in v0.15.5 

type FilterOpts = bind.FilterOpts

Re-export bind types

type FrontierSigner added in v0.15.5 

type FrontierSigner = types.FrontierSigner

Re-export signer types

type Hash 

type Hash = common.Hash

Re-export common types 

type Header = types.Header

Re-export transaction types

type HomesteadSigner added in v0.15.5 

type HomesteadSigner = types.HomesteadSigner

Re-export signer types

type LegacyTx added in v0.15.5 

type LegacyTx = types.LegacyTx

Re-export transaction types

type Log added in v0.15.5 

type Log = types.Log

Re-export transaction types

type MetaData added in v0.15.5 

type MetaData = bind.MetaData

Re-export bind types

type Method added in v0.15.5 

type Method = abi.Method

Re-export ABI types

type PrivateKey added in v0.15.5 

type PrivateKey = ecdsa.PrivateKey

Re-export crypto types

type PublicKey added in v0.15.5 

type PublicKey = ecdsa.PublicKey

Re-export crypto types

type Receipt added in v0.15.5 

type Receipt = types.Receipt

Re-export transaction types

type Signer added in v0.15.5 

type Signer = types.Signer

Re-export signer types

type TransactOpts added in v0.15.5 

type TransactOpts = bind.TransactOpts

Re-export bind types

type Transaction added in v0.15.5 

type Transaction = types.Transaction

Re-export transaction types

type TxData added in v0.15.5 

type TxData = types.TxData

Re-export transaction types

type Type added in v0.15.5 

type Type = abi.Type

Re-export ABI types

type WatchOpts added in v0.15.5 

type WatchOpts = bind.WatchOpts

Re-export bind types

Source Files

View all Source files

Directories

Path Synopsis
Package accounts implements high level Ethereum account management.
 Package accounts implements high level Ethereum account management.
abi
Package abi implements the Ethereum ABI (Application Binary Interface).
 Package abi implements the Ethereum ABI (Application Binary Interface).
abi/bind
Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
 Package bind generates Ethereum contract Go bindings.
abi/bind/backends
external
keystore
Package keystore implements encrypted storage of secp256k1 private keys.
 Package keystore implements encrypted storage of secp256k1 private keys.
scwallet
cmd
abigen command
(c) 2023, Lux Industries, Inc.
 (c) 2023, Lux Industries, Inc.
utils
Package utils contains internal helper functions for go-ethereum commands.
 Package utils contains internal helper functions for go-ethereum commands.
Package common provides formatting utilities
 Package common provides formatting utilities
bitutil
Package bitutil provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's bitutil implementation
 Package bitutil provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's bitutil implementation
compiler
Package compiler provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's compiler implementation
 Package compiler provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's compiler implementation
hexutil
Package hexutil provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's hexutil implementation
 Package hexutil provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's hexutil implementation
lru
Package lru provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's lru implementation
 Package lru provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's lru implementation
math
Package math provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's math implementation
 Package math provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's math implementation
prque
Package prque provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's prque implementation
 Package prque provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's prque implementation
Package consensus implements different Ethereum consensus engines.
 Package consensus implements different Ethereum consensus engines.
dummy
misc
misc/eip4844
Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
 Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
bloombits
Package bloombits implements bloom filtering on batches of data.
 Package bloombits implements bloom filtering on batches of data.
rawdb
Package rawdb contains a collection of low level database accessors.
 Package rawdb contains a collection of low level database accessors.
state
Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
 Package state provides a caching layer atop the Ethereum state trie.
state/pruner
state/snapshot
Package snapshot implements a journalled, dynamic state dump.
 Package snapshot implements a journalled, dynamic state dump.
tracing
Package tracing provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's tracing implementation
 Package tracing provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's tracing implementation
txpool
txpool/blobpool
Package blobpool implements the EIP-4844 blob transaction pool.
 Package blobpool implements the EIP-4844 blob transaction pool.
txpool/legacypool
Package legacypool implements the normal EVM execution transaction pool.
 Package legacypool implements the normal EVM execution transaction pool.
types
Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
 Package types contains data types related to Ethereum consensus.
vm
Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
 Package vm implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
vm/runtime
Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code.
 Package runtime provides a basic execution model for executing EVM code.
Package crypto provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's crypto implementation
 Package crypto provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's crypto implementation
blake2b
Package blake2b provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's blake2b implementation
 Package blake2b provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's blake2b implementation
bn256
Package bn256 provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's bn256 implementation
 Package bn256 provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's bn256 implementation
kzg4844
Package kzg4844 provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's kzg4844 implementation
 Package kzg4844 provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's kzg4844 implementation
eth
Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol.
 Package eth implements the Ethereum protocol.
ethconfig
filters
Package filters implements an ethereum filtering system for block, transactions and log events.
 Package filters implements an ethereum filtering system for block, transactions and log events.
gasestimator
gasprice
tracers
Package tracers is a manager for transaction tracing engines.
 Package tracers is a manager for transaction tracing engines.
tracers/internal/tracetest
(c) 2023, Lux Industries, Inc.
 (c) 2023, Lux Industries, Inc.
tracers/js
tracers/js/internal/tracers
Package tracers contains the actual JavaScript tracer assets.
 Package tracers contains the actual JavaScript tracer assets.
tracers/logger
tracers/native
Package ethclient provides a client for the Ethereum RPC API.
 Package ethclient provides a client for the Ethereum RPC API.
corethclient
Package gethclient provides an RPC client for geth-specific APIs.
 Package gethclient provides an RPC client for geth-specific APIs.
simulated
Package ethdb provides batch extensions
 Package ethdb provides batch extensions
leveldb
Package leveldb provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's leveldb implementation
 Package leveldb provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's leveldb implementation
memorydb
Package memorydb provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's memorydb implementation
 Package memorydb provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's memorydb implementation
pebble
Package pebble provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's pebble implementation
 Package pebble provides a wrapper for go-ethereum's pebble implementation
Package event provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's event system
 Package event provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's event system
Package ethereum defines interfaces for interacting with Ethereum.
 Package ethereum defines interfaces for interacting with Ethereum.
internal
blocktest
debug
Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities.
 Package debug interfaces Go runtime debugging facilities.
ethapi
Package ethapi implements the general Ethereum API functions.
 Package ethapi implements the general Ethereum API functions.
flags
luxcache
Package luxcache provides backward compatibility types for cache that were present in older Lux versions
 Package luxcache provides backward compatibility types for cache that were present in older Lux versions
reexec
This file originates from Docker/Moby, https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/pkg/reexec/reexec.go Licensed under Apache License 2.0: https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/LICENSE Copyright 2013-2018 Docker, Inc.
 This file originates from Docker/Moby, https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/pkg/reexec/reexec.go Licensed under Apache License 2.0: https://github.com/moby/moby/blob/master/LICENSE Copyright 2013-2018 Docker, Inc.
shutdowncheck
version
Package version implements reading of build version information.
 Package version implements reading of build version information.
Go port of Coda Hale's Metrics library
 Go port of Coda Hale's Metrics library
prometheus
(c) 2025 Lux Industries, Inc.
 (c) 2025 Lux Industries, Inc.
Package miner implements Ethereum block creation and mining.
 Package miner implements Ethereum block creation and mining.
stats
evm
evm/atomic
evm/client
evm/config
evm/database
evm/header
evm/message
evm/testutils
evm/upgrade/acp176
ACP176 implements the fee logic specified here: https://github.com/lux-foundation/ACPs/blob/main/ACPs/176-dynamic-evm-gas-limit-and-price-discovery-updates/README.md
 ACP176 implements the fee logic specified here: https://github.com/lux-foundation/ACPs/blob/main/ACPs/176-dynamic-evm-gas-limit-and-price-discovery-updates/README.md
evm/upgrade/ap0
AP0 defines constants used during the initial network launch.
 AP0 defines constants used during the initial network launch.
evm/upgrade/ap1
AP1 defines constants used after the Apricot Phase 1 upgrade.
 AP1 defines constants used after the Apricot Phase 1 upgrade.
evm/upgrade/ap3
AP3 defines the dynamic fee window used after the Apricot Phase 3 upgrade.
 AP3 defines the dynamic fee window used after the Apricot Phase 3 upgrade.
evm/upgrade/ap4
AP4 implements the block gas cost logic activated by the Apricot Phase 4 upgrade.
 AP4 implements the block gas cost logic activated by the Apricot Phase 4 upgrade.
evm/upgrade/ap5
AP5 defines constants used after the Apricot Phase 5 upgrade.
 AP5 defines constants used after the Apricot Phase 5 upgrade.
evm/upgrade/cortina
Cortina defines constants used after the Cortina upgrade.
 Cortina defines constants used after the Cortina upgrade.
evm/upgrade/etna
Etna defines constants used after the Etna upgrade.
 Etna defines constants used after the Etna upgrade.
precompile
contract
Defines the interface for the configuration and execution of a precompile contract
 Defines the interface for the configuration and execution of a precompile contract
contracts/warp
modules
precompileconfig
Defines the stateless interface for unmarshalling an arbitrary config of a precompile
 Defines the stateless interface for unmarshalling an arbitrary config of a precompile
registry
Module to facilitate the registration of precompiles and their configuration.
 Module to facilitate the registration of precompiles and their configuration.
testutils
Package rlp provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's rlp implementation
 Package rlp provides wrapper types for go-ethereum's rlp implementation
Package rpc implements bi-directional JSON-RPC 2.0 on multiple transports.
 Package rpc implements bi-directional JSON-RPC 2.0 on multiple transports.
signer
core/apitypes
sync
client
client/stats
handlers
handlers/stats
statesync
syncutils
Package trie implements Merkle Patricia Tries.
 Package trie implements Merkle Patricia Tries.
testutil
triedb/hashdb
triedb/pathdb
trienode
triestate
utils
database
hashdb
pathdb
aggregator
Package aggregator is a generated GoMock package.
 Package aggregator is a generated GoMock package.
handlers
validators
warptest
warptest exposes common functionality for testing the warp package.
 warptest exposes common functionality for testing the warp package.

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