accel

package
v1.22.78 Latest Latest
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 Go to latest Published: Jan 1, 2026 License: BSD-3-Clause Imports: 11 Imported by: 0

Documentation

Overview

Package accel provides hardware acceleration for ZK operations.

Backend selection uses a priority-based registry:

  • Pure Go (priority 0): Always available, no dependencies
  • MLX (priority 100): CGO path - Metal/CUDA/CPU fallback via luxcpp
  • FPGA (priority 200): Optional, requires fpga build tag

With CGO_ENABLED=0: Pure Go backend With CGO_ENABLED=1: MLX backend (highest priority, handles GPU/CPU internally)

Package accel provides hardware acceleration for ZK operations.

Two backends:

  • Pure Go: Always available, portable
  • MLX: CGO path with Metal/CUDA/CPU fallback via luxcpp

With CGO_ENABLED=0: Pure Go With CGO_ENABLED=1: MLX (auto-selects Metal, CUDA, or optimized CPU)

Index

Constants

This section is empty.

Variables

View Source 
var (
	ErrProofGeneration   = errors.New("proof generation failed")
	ErrProofVerification = errors.New("proof verification failed")
	ErrNTTComputation    = errors.New("NTT computation failed")
	ErrMSMComputation    = errors.New("MSM computation failed")
	ErrHashComputation   = errors.New("hash computation failed")
	ErrFHEOperation      = errors.New("FHE operation failed")
)
View Source 
var (
	ErrNoBackend = errors.New("no accelerator backend registered")
)

Functions

func BackendInfo 

func BackendInfo(name string) string

BackendInfo returns description of a backend

func GetAvailableBackends 

func GetAvailableBackends() []string

GetAvailableBackends returns names of all registered backends, sorted by priority

func Register added in v1.22.77 

func Register(name string, priority int, ctor func(Config) (Accelerator, error))

Register adds a backend constructor with the given priority. Higher priority backends are preferred. Called from init() in backend files.

Types

type Accelerator 

type Accelerator interface {
	// Info
	Backend() Backend
	Device() string
	IsGPUAvailable() bool
	Capabilities() Capabilities
	Close() error

	// Core ZK Operations
	NTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)
	INTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)
	MSM(points []Point, scalars []FieldElement, config MSMConfig) (Point, error)
	Hash(input []FieldElement, config HashConfig) (FieldElement, error)
	BatchHash(inputs [][]FieldElement, config HashConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

	// Proof Operations
	GenerateProof(witness []FieldElement, publicInput []FieldElement, pk *ProvingKey) (*Proof, error)
	VerifyProof(proof *Proof, publicInput []FieldElement, vk *VerifyingKey) (bool, error)
	AggregateProofs(proofs []*Proof) (*Proof, error)

	// FHE Operations (optional, only if EnableFHE)
	FHEAdd(a, b *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)
	FHESub(a, b *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)
	FHEMul(a, b *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)
	FHEBootstrap(ct *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

	// Benchmarking
	Benchmark(ops int) BenchmarkResult
}

Accelerator interface for ZK operations

func NewAccelerator 

func NewAccelerator(config Config) (Accelerator, error)

NewAccelerator creates the best available accelerator. Uses LUX_ZK_BACKEND env var to force a specific backend, otherwise picks highest priority.

type Backend 

type Backend string

Backend represents the compute backend for ZK acceleration 

const (
	BackendGo   Backend = "pure" // Pure Go implementation
	BackendMLX  Backend = "mlx"  // MLX: Metal/CUDA/CPU via luxcpp
	BackendFPGA Backend = "fpga" // FPGA acceleration (optional build tag)
)

type BenchmarkResult 

type BenchmarkResult struct {
	Backend       Backend
	Device        string
	NTTOpsPerSec  float64
	MSMOpsPerSec  float64
	HashOpsPerSec float64
	ProofsPerSec  float64
	LatencyNs     int64
}

BenchmarkResult contains benchmark results

func (BenchmarkResult) String 

func (b BenchmarkResult) String() string

String returns a string representation of the benchmark

type Capabilities 

type Capabilities struct {
	SupportsNTT      bool
	SupportsMSM      bool
	SupportsGroth16  bool
	SupportsPLONK    bool
	SupportsSTARK    bool
	SupportsFHE      bool
	MaxPolynomialDeg int
	MaxMSMPoints     int
	MaxBatchSize     int
	ParallelProofs   int
}

Capabilities describes what the accelerator supports

type Ciphertext 

type Ciphertext struct {
	Data       []byte
	Scheme     string // TFHE, BFV, CKKS
	NoiseLevel uint16
}

Ciphertext represents an FHE ciphertext

type Config 

type Config struct {
	Backend       Backend `json:"backend"`
	Device        string  `json:"device"`
	MaxBatchSize  int     `json:"maxBatchSize"`
	NumThreads    int     `json:"numThreads"`
	EnableFHE     bool    `json:"enableFHE"`
	ProofSystem   string  `json:"proofSystem"`   // groth16, plonk, stark
	SecurityLevel int     `json:"securityLevel"` // 128, 192, 256
}

Config for ZK accelerator

func DefaultConfig 

func DefaultConfig() Config

DefaultConfig returns default accelerator configuration

type FieldElement 

type FieldElement struct {
	Limbs [4]uint64 // 256-bit field element
}

FieldElement represents an element in the finite field

type GoAccelerator 

type GoAccelerator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

GoAccelerator is the pure Go implementation of the ZK accelerator

func NewGoAccelerator 

func NewGoAccelerator(config Config) (*GoAccelerator, error)

NewGoAccelerator creates a pure Go accelerator

func (*GoAccelerator) AggregateProofs 

func (a *GoAccelerator) AggregateProofs(proofs []*Proof) (*Proof, error)

AggregateProofs aggregates multiple proofs into one

func (*GoAccelerator) Backend 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Backend() Backend

func (*GoAccelerator) BatchHash 

func (a *GoAccelerator) BatchHash(inputs [][]FieldElement, config HashConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

BatchHash computes hashes in parallel

func (*GoAccelerator) Benchmark 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Benchmark(ops int) BenchmarkResult

Benchmark runs performance benchmarks

func (*GoAccelerator) Capabilities 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Capabilities() Capabilities

func (*GoAccelerator) Close 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Close() error

func (*GoAccelerator) Device 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Device() string

func (*GoAccelerator) FHEAdd 

func (a *GoAccelerator) FHEAdd(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

FHEAdd performs homomorphic addition on RLWE ciphertexts. For RLWE: ct_add = (c0_x + c0_y mod Q, c1_x + c1_y mod Q)

func (*GoAccelerator) FHEBootstrap 

func (a *GoAccelerator) FHEBootstrap(ct *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

FHEBootstrap performs noise reduction via bootstrapping. This is a simplified modulus switching operation that reduces noise at the cost of precision. Full bootstrapping requires evaluation keys.

func (*GoAccelerator) FHEMul 

func (a *GoAccelerator) FHEMul(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

FHEMul performs homomorphic multiplication on RLWE ciphertexts. This performs polynomial multiplication (convolution in coefficient domain). The result is a degree-2 ciphertext that should be relinearized.

func (*GoAccelerator) FHESub 

func (a *GoAccelerator) FHESub(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

FHESub performs homomorphic subtraction on RLWE ciphertexts. For RLWE: ct_sub = (c0_x - c0_y mod Q, c1_x - c1_y mod Q)

func (*GoAccelerator) GenerateProof 

func (a *GoAccelerator) GenerateProof(witness []FieldElement, publicInput []FieldElement, pk *ProvingKey) (*Proof, error)

GenerateProof generates a ZK proof

func (*GoAccelerator) Hash 

func (a *GoAccelerator) Hash(input []FieldElement, config HashConfig) (FieldElement, error)

Hash computes a cryptographic hash using Poseidon2

func (*GoAccelerator) INTT 

func (a *GoAccelerator) INTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

INTT performs Inverse Number Theoretic Transform

func (*GoAccelerator) IsGPUAvailable 

func (a *GoAccelerator) IsGPUAvailable() bool

func (*GoAccelerator) MSM 

func (a *GoAccelerator) MSM(points []Point, scalars []FieldElement, config MSMConfig) (Point, error)

MSM performs Multi-Scalar Multiplication using Pippenger's algorithm

func (*GoAccelerator) NTT 

func (a *GoAccelerator) NTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

NTT performs Number Theoretic Transform (FFT over finite field)

func (*GoAccelerator) VerifyProof 

func (a *GoAccelerator) VerifyProof(proof *Proof, publicInput []FieldElement, vk *VerifyingKey) (bool, error)

VerifyProof verifies a ZK proof

type HashConfig 

type HashConfig struct {
	Algorithm string // poseidon, poseidon2, keccak256, blake3
	Rate      int    // Sponge rate
	Capacity  int    // Sponge capacity
}

HashConfig configuration for hash operations

type MLXAccelerator added in v1.22.77 

type MLXAccelerator struct {
	// contains filtered or unexported fields
}

MLXAccelerator uses Apple Silicon Metal GPU via luxfi/mlx

func NewMLXAccelerator added in v1.22.77 

func NewMLXAccelerator(config Config) (*MLXAccelerator, error)

NewMLXAccelerator creates an MLX-accelerated ZK prover

func (*MLXAccelerator) AggregateProofs added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) AggregateProofs(proofs []*Proof) (*Proof, error)

AggregateProofs aggregates multiple proofs

func (*MLXAccelerator) Backend added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Backend() Backend

func (*MLXAccelerator) BatchHash added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) BatchHash(inputs [][]FieldElement, config HashConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

BatchHash computes multiple hashes in parallel on GPU

func (*MLXAccelerator) Benchmark added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Benchmark(ops int) BenchmarkResult

Benchmark runs GPU performance benchmarks

func (*MLXAccelerator) Capabilities added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Capabilities() Capabilities

func (*MLXAccelerator) Close added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Close() error

func (*MLXAccelerator) Device added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Device() string

func (*MLXAccelerator) FHEAdd added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) FHEAdd(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

FHE Operations - delegated to Go for now

func (*MLXAccelerator) FHEBootstrap added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) FHEBootstrap(ct *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

func (*MLXAccelerator) FHEMul added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) FHEMul(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

func (*MLXAccelerator) FHESub added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) FHESub(x, y *Ciphertext) (*Ciphertext, error)

func (*MLXAccelerator) GenerateProof added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) GenerateProof(witness []FieldElement, publicInput []FieldElement, pk *ProvingKey) (*Proof, error)

GenerateProof generates a ZK proof with GPU acceleration

func (*MLXAccelerator) Hash added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) Hash(input []FieldElement, config HashConfig) (FieldElement, error)

Hash computes GPU-accelerated Poseidon hash

func (*MLXAccelerator) INTT added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) INTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

INTT performs GPU-accelerated Inverse NTT

func (*MLXAccelerator) IsGPUAvailable added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) IsGPUAvailable() bool

func (*MLXAccelerator) MSM added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) MSM(points []Point, scalars []FieldElement, config MSMConfig) (Point, error)

MSM performs GPU-accelerated Multi-Scalar Multiplication

func (*MLXAccelerator) NTT added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) NTT(input []FieldElement, config NTTConfig) ([]FieldElement, error)

NTT performs GPU-accelerated Number Theoretic Transform

func (*MLXAccelerator) VerifyProof added in v1.22.77 

func (a *MLXAccelerator) VerifyProof(proof *Proof, publicInput []FieldElement, vk *VerifyingKey) (bool, error)

VerifyProof verifies a ZK proof

type MSMConfig 

type MSMConfig struct {
	NumPoints  int
	ScalarBits int
	WindowSize int
	UsePrecomp bool
}

MSMConfig configuration for Multi-Scalar Multiplication

type NTTConfig 

type NTTConfig struct {
	LogN    int    // log2 of polynomial degree
	Modulus uint64 // Field modulus
	Forward bool   // Forward or inverse NTT
	InPlace bool   // Modify input in place
}

NTTConfig configuration for Number Theoretic Transform

type Point 

type Point struct {
	X, Y FieldElement
	Z    FieldElement // Projective coordinate (optional)
}

Point represents a point on an elliptic curve

type Polynomial 

type Polynomial struct {
	Coeffs []FieldElement
	Degree int
}

Polynomial represents a polynomial over the field

type Proof 

type Proof struct {
	System     string // groth16, plonk, stark
	ProofBytes []byte
	PublicIO   []FieldElement
	Metadata   map[string]interface{}
}

Proof represents a ZK proof

type ProvingKey 

type ProvingKey struct {
	System   string
	KeyBytes []byte
}

ProvingKey represents a proving key

type VerifyingKey 

type VerifyingKey struct {
	System   string
	KeyBytes []byte
}

VerifyingKey represents a verification key

Source Files

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